Procedure Description
A brachial plexus block is a regional anesthetic procedure used to numb the nerves that supply the shoulder, arm, and hand. It involves injecting a local anesthetic near the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that originates from the cervical spine (neck) and travels into the upper extremity.
This block is commonly used for pain management or surgical anesthesia involving the shoulder, upper arm, elbow, or hand. It can also be used for treating certain types of chronic pain or nerve-related conditions in the upper limb.
What It Treats
Postoperative pain following shoulder or upper arm surgery
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) of the upper extremity
Severe upper limb trauma or fractures
Chronic neuropathic pain in the arm or hand
Refractory upper extremity pain not controlled by oral medications
How It Is Performed
You will be positioned comfortably, typically lying on your back or side.
The skin around the injection site is cleaned and sterilized.
The physician uses ultrasound and/or nerve stimulation to locate the brachial plexus precisely.
A small needle is inserted near the nerve bundle.
A local anesthetic (with or without steroid) is injected to block nerve transmission.
In some cases, a catheter may be placed for continuous nerve block over several days.
There are several approaches to the brachial plexus block, depending on the location and purpose:
Interscalene approach (for shoulder and upper arm)
Supraclavicular approach (for arm and elbow)
Infraclavicular or axillary approaches (for elbow, forearm, and hand)
The procedure typically takes 15–30 minutes.
Pre-Procedure Instructions
Do not eat or drink for at least 6 hours before the procedure if sedation is planned.
Continue your usual medications unless instructed otherwise by your provider.
Inform your physician if you:
Take blood thinners
Have allergies to anesthetics
Are pregnant or breastfeeding
Arrange for a responsible adult to drive you home, especially if you receive sedation.
Wear loose, comfortable clothing with easy access to the treatment area.
What to Expect After the Procedure
You may experience numbness or weakness in the affected arm for several hours after the block.
Pain relief may begin within 10–30 minutes and can last from 8 to 24 hours, depending on the anesthetic used.
If a catheter is placed, continuous pain relief can be provided for several days.
Avoid using the blocked arm for lifting, driving, or operating machinery until full sensation and strength return.
Some patients experience bruising, soreness, or a heavy sensation, which typically resolves on its own.
Rare side effects include nerve injury, infection, bleeding, or breathing difficulty (depending on the approach used).
If you experience shortness of breath, chest pain, persistent numbness, or signs of infection, contact your physician immediately.
👉 Questions? Our care team is here to guide you through every step. Call us before your appointment if you have any concerns or need to review instructions.